Face cleat and butt cleat
WebFeb 1, 1998 · Through-going cleats formed first and are referred to as face cleats; cleats that end at intersections with through-going cleats formed later and are called butt cleats ( Laubach and Tremain, 1991; Kulander and Dean, 1993 ). These fracture sets, and partings along bedding planes, impart a blocky character to coal ( Fig. 2 ). WebApr 30, 2024 · While butt cleats only develop between two adjacent face cleats, with a poor continuity and short length (Weniger et al. 2016 ). Both face cleats and butt cleats can be very closely spaced in coal. Most laboratory experiments of coal only focused on the influence of bedding.
Face cleat and butt cleat
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WebThe butt cleats and face cleats interlace with each other and form a complex fracture network in cross sections of coal block. ... The effect of rock permeability value on … WebMar 24, 2015 · 3. Results and Discussion. The CT scan of the oriented core rock samples performed on the scan axes , , and identified two sets of cleats, namely, face and butt cleats. Figure 3 shows the results of the scan axes , , and of various rock samples. The face cleat is characterized by an elongated shape and firm, continuous line that has a …
WebThe angle between the face and butt cleat is around 90 degrees.The spacing between cleats varies according to factors such as the coal maturity, the mineral matter and the carbon content, but normally is less …
WebJan 15, 2016 · Face and butt cleats in coal, which are also bedding-confined (Pattison et al., 1996, Tremain et al., 1991), can also have power law size distributions (Laubach et al., 1998). Cleat attribute frequency is plotted on a log–log graph. The power-law distribution is defined by a least-squares regression of the data between the largest and ... WebOne coal-bed surface showed the expected result that cleat systems are well connected, due to systematic development of butt cleats extending from one face cleat to another. …
WebAbstract Certain coals are structurally blocky and have well defined cleat systems. Based on experiences in underground mines which produce such coal, it has been noticed that more gas enters the mine when the entries are being developed perpendicular to …
WebFace cleats extend in the direction of maximum in situ stress, and butt cleats extend in the direction of minimum in situ stress which existed at the time of their formation. This is … paraphrase tool without plagiarism freeWebJun 5, 2024 · These two sets of coal cleats are perpendicular or nearly perpendicular to each other and are perpendicular or close to perpendicular with respect to bedding planes in the coal beds (see Fig. 2 ). Face cleat is the well-defined major discontinuity plane in the coal seam and pre-dates butt cleat. paraphrase tool turnitinWebFace cleat orientations measured in the Warwick No. 3 mine indicate an average face cleat direction of N 77" W for the Sewickley coalbed. The butt cleat has an average orientation of N 18" E. Measurements taken of the Pittsburgh coal cleat in the Shannopin mine indicate the face and butt cleats to be oriented at approximately N 73" W and paraphrase to simple wordsWebFace cleats were formed as extension fractures during structural deformation, and butt cleats, as release fractures during erosion and uplift. The face cleat of the Pittsburgh … time schwintek slide system out of sinkWebbutt cleat (4) calculation (1) CBM Well (2) characteristic (1) cleat (11) cleat count (2) cleat system (1) coal bed methane (12) coal cleat (2) Coal Geology (1) coal rock (1) coal … paraphrase to simple englishWebFace and butt cleats are generally perpendicular to the direction of minimum and maximum principal stresses, respectively (Laubach et al. 1998; Dawson and Esterle 2010 ). While … paraphrase to shorten the noteWebThe main system of joints is more commonly called the face cleat whereas a cross system of jointing is called the butt cleat. Butt cleat A short, poorly defined vertical cleavage … times church